Sõnastik (inglise)

(1) accumulations of windblown sand on the backshore, usually in the form of small hills or ridges, stabilized by vegetation or control structures); (2) (megaripples) sedimentary bedforms larger than ripples, greater than 0.6 m in wavelength and greater than around 10 cm in height. Dunes are mostly asymmetrical in profile, with a gentle upcurrent stoss slope and a steeper down-current lee slope, which may be at the angle of repose of the sediment. Dune crestlines may be either linear (two dimensional) or nonlinear (three dimensional, barchan-shape) in plain view. Large dunes may have smaller dunes superimposed upon them. See: Ripple, Sand Wave.

Developed by V.Zenkovich classification, which treat the processes of evolution of the coast, abrasion process, accumulative process, and takes into account the coast tectonic features (diving, lifting) and the nature of the wave regime.

The part of the water column, below the euphotic zone, that receives low levelsof sunlight insufficient to support plant growth.

Egg and larval stages of fish.

Short for ecological systems. Functional units that result from the interactions of abiotic and biotic components; a combination of interacting, interrelated parts that form aunit. All ecosystems are "open" systems in the sense that energy and matter are transferred in and out. The Earth as a single ecosystem constantly converts solar energy into myriad organic products, and has increased in biological complexity over geologic time.

A transition zone between two ecologically distinct regions, that may contain specialized species adapted to the gradient in environmental conditions that occurs there.

Both the abiotic and biotic elements of habitats; physical habitats and their associated biota; a geographical unit homogeneous within limits for the most important hydraulic, morphological, and physicochemical environmental factors that are relevant forbiota.

Is a common name for several aquatic phanerogam species from marine Zostera and freshwater Vallisneria genera. Eelgrasses are important keystone species.

Shore, characterized the winding coastline, which delineates bays and headlands.

Species is determined as threatened according to The World Conservation Union (IUCN) criteria which are based on, e.g., the general biology of the species and the changes occurring in its environment.